X射线衍射法是表面/次表面残余应力测定技术中为数不多的无损检测法之一，是根据材料或制品晶面间距的变化测定应力的，至今仍然是研究较为广泛、深入、成熟的残余应力分析和检测方法之一，被广泛的应用于科学研究和工业生产的各领域。2012年日本Pulstec公司开发出基于全二维探测器技术的新一代X射线残余应力分析仪——μ-X360n，将利用X射线研究残余应力的测量速度和精度推到了一个全新的高度，设备推出不久便得到业界的广泛好评。由于其技术先进、测试数据可重复性高、使用便携等优势，一经推出便备受业界青睐！
圆形全二维面探测器一个突出的优势就是X射线单角度一次入射到样品即可得到一个完整的德拜环，一次性获得500个数据点进行高精度数据计算，因而不再需要测角仪，从而摆脱了测角仪对不规则形状样品测试局限，使斜面、弧面、球面等不规则形状样品的残余应力测量成为了可能。除常规样品外，基于全二维面探技术的便携式X射线残余应力分析仪可以测试圆棒、轴承、底盘、螺丝、滚珠丝杠/杆、消声器、连杆、排气管、吊挂构件、角焊区、齿轮齿牙、车轮、管道、油罐、各种压力容器、桥梁等各种工件和构件的残余应力，其中以焊接残余应力检测/焊缝残余应力检测、管道残余应力（尤其钢管残余应力）检测、切削残余应力检测、油罐残余应力检测和齿轮残余应力检测在工业和科研中应用为广泛。
2018年，日本Pulstec公司成功克服技术难点，发布了新的产品型号：μ-X360s，将全二维面探测器技术的产品设计和功能完善再次升！目前，PULSTEC已经在全球17个安装了超过450台便携式X射线残余应力分析仪，被用于诸多大学和研究实验室中，包括日本、美国、英国、德国、中国和新加坡，以及许多工程制造企业，特别是诸如汽车、机械、航空航天领域等等各个行业，众多客户也进行了很多有意义的研究工作并发表了大量文章，近期我们对这些文章进行收集并按照应用及不同材料归类整理，希望可以帮助广大科研工作者更好了解PULSTEC μ-X360系列残余应力分析仪的强大能力及广泛应用。
一、焊接
●Increase of bending fatigue resistance for tungsten inert gas welded SS400 steel plates using friction stir processing, Materials and Design 61 (2014) 275-280
●Practical examination of the welding residual stress in view of low-carbon steel welds, J MATER RES TECHNOL. 2020; 9(3): 2717–2726
●Investigation of the Residual Stress in a Multi-Pass T-Welded Joint Using Low Transformation Temperature Welding Wire, Materials 2021, 14, 325.
●Measurement of Residual Stress in Arc Welded Lap Joints by cosα X-ray Diffraction Method, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Volume 243, 2017, Pages 387-394
●Prediction of residual stresses induced by low transformation temperature weld wires and its validation using the contour method, Marine Structures 44 (2015) 232-253
●焊接工艺对SUS301L不锈钢残余应力的影响，Electric Welding Machine Vol. 48 No. 3
●不锈钢冷金属过渡焊角接接头应力及变形规律研究，Electric Welding Machine Vol. 47 No. 12
二、铝及铝合金
●Influences of residual stresses and initial distortion on spring back prediction of 7B04-T651 aluminium plates in creep-age forming, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 103(2015) 115–126
●The influence of alloy composition on residual stresses in heat treated aluminium alloys, Materials Characterization 105 (2015) 47–55
●A parametric study of laser spot size and coverage on the laser shock peening induced residual stress in thin aluminium samples, The Journal of Engineering Volume 2015 Issue13
●Effect of cutting parameters on the residual stress distribution generated by pocket milling of 2219 aluminum alloy, Advances in Mechanical Engineering 2018 Vol. 10(12) 1–15
●Intermethod comparison and evaluation of near surface residual stress in aluminum parts subject to various milling parameters, 2019 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics Vol. 6
●Depth Profile of Residual Stresses to Analyze Textures in Extruded A6XXX, 2021 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 1121 012042
●Research on Corrosion Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior of Welded Joints of A7N01P-T4 Aluminum Alloys, Journal of Corrosion Science and Engineering. JCSE Volume 19, Paper 40
三、钛及钛合金
●Effect of coolant supplied through grinding wheel on residual stress of grinding surface, Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1017 (2014) pp 33-37
●Impacts of Machining and Heat Treating Practices on Residual Stresses in Alpha-Beta Titanium Alloys, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance volume 29, pages3626–3637 (2020)
●Distributional analysis of residual stresses with the Ti-6Al-4V internal trapezoidal thread torsional vibration extrusion, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (2019) 105:4289–4307
四、镍基合金
●X-ray Residual Stress Analysis of Nickel Base Alloys, Advanced Materials Research Vol. 922 (2014) pp 274-279
●Experimental Investigation of Principal Residual Stress and Fatigue Performance for Turned Nickel-Based Superalloy Inconel 718, Materials 2018, 11, 879
●Effects of Cutting Edge Microgeometry on Residual Stress in Orthogonal Cutting of Inconel 718 by FEM, Materials 2018, 11, 1015
●基于二维面探的高温合金GH4169残余应力研究，表面技术. 2016,45(04)
五、钨合金
●Nanostructured laminar tungsten alloy with improved ductility by surface mechanical attrition treatment, Scientific Reports | 7: 1351 |
六、镁合金
●The relationships between residual stress relaxation and texture development in AZ31 Mg alloys via the vibratory stress relief technique, Materials Characterization 99 (2015) 248–253
七、钢铁材料
●Residual Stresses and Dimensional Changes Related to the Lattice Parameter Changes of Heat-Treated JIS SKD 11 Tool Steels, Materials Transactions, Vol. 55, No. 5 (2014) pp. 831 to 837
●Effects of Pulsed Magnetic Fields of Different Intensities on Dislocation Density, Residual Stress, and Hardness of Cr4Mo4V Steel, Crystals 2020, 10, 115
●Effect of Lubrication and Forging Load on Surface Roughness, Residual Stress, and Deformation of Cold Forging Tools, Metals 2019, 9, 783
●Effects of fine particle peening on fatigue strength of a TRIP-aided martensitic steel, International Journal of Fatigue, Volume 100, Part 1, 2017, Pages 206-214
●Very High-Cycle Fatigue Properties and Residual Stress Relaxation of Micro-shot-Peened EA4T Axle Steel, J. of Materi Eng and Perform 28, 6407–6417 (2019)
●X-ray Residual Stress Analysis of Stainless Steel Using cosα Method, Advanced Materials Research Vol. 922 (2014) pp 167-172
●X-ray Stress Measurement of Ferritic Steel Using Fourier Analysis of Debye-Scherrer Ring, Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan, Vol. 64, No. 7, pp. 567-572
八、陶瓷材料
●基于快速面探测方法的碳化硅表面残余应力测量， Diamond & Abrasives Engineering No. 6, Vol. 38, Serial 228
九、高熵合金
●Modeling and optimization for laser cladding via multi-objective quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm, Surface and Coatings Technology, Volume 381, 2020, 125-129
十、实际工程应用
●Micro-Magnetic and Microstructural Characterization of Wear Progress on Case-Hardened 16MnCr5 Gear Wheels, Materials 2018, 11, 2290
●Integrated Forming and Surface Engineering of Disc Springs by Inducing Residual Stresses by Incremental Sheet Forming, Materials 2019, 12, 1646
●Determination of residual stresses for helical compression spring through Debye-Scherrer ring method, Materials Today: Proceedings, Volume 25, Part 4, 2020, Pages 654-658
●Study on the Influence of Metallic Powder in Near-Dry Electric Discharge Machining, Journal of Mechanical Engineering 66(2020)4, 243-253
●Shear cutting induced residual stresses in involute gears and resulting tooth root bending strength of a fineblanked gear, Archive of Applied Mechanics volume 91, pages 3679–3692 (2021)
●Damage Evaluation of Carburizing Gear for Remanufacturing, J. Japan Inst. Met. Mater. Vol. 85, No. 5 (2021), pp. 198–206
●在役球形储罐残余应力检测技术的应用及展望，特种设备安全技术 2019, (03)
编者：QUANTUM DESIGN中国公司于2015年将PULSTEC公司小而轻的便携式X射线残余应力分析仪引进中国，目前已在国内销售安装多台，客户遍布高校、科研院所及各工业领域。
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1、小而轻的便携式X射线残余应力分析仪-μ-X360s
